溢油胁迫下孔石莼碳氮稳定同位素的变化

为了研究溢油对海岸潮间带重要的大型绿藻孔石莼（Ulva Pertusa）的影响,本文探究了在180#燃料油的原油分散液（WAF）胁迫下,孔石莼的生长速率、叶绿素a以及碳氮稳定同位素的变化。在低WAF浓度（1.43 mg/L、2.87 mg/L和4.30 mg/L）胁迫下,对孔石莼的生长具有促进作用,生长速率均高于对照组,同时叶绿素a和碳氮稳定同位素均呈现上升的趋势;而高浓度WAF（5.72 mg/L和7.17 mg/L）会抑制藻类生长,导致生长速率低于对照组,而叶绿素a含量却高于对照组,孔石莼的δ15N和δ13C相比对照组偏负。对于孔石莼来说,C、N稳定同位素变化的趋势比叶绿素a更明显,这表明在溢油胁迫下,孔石莼的C、N稳定同位素能够更好更快速地评价溢油胁迫毒性大小,因此可以作为海洋环境监测和评价的一种新手段。     

基于在线监测的江河入海径流通量计算方法研究与应用——以辽河口为例

随着入海流量在线监测技术的兴起,本文从流量在线监测技术原理和步骤出发,对入海流量在线监测的主要技术环节进行了梳理,给出了综合、全面的江河入海径流通量流程化计算方案,并将其应用到了辽河入海径流通量计算实例中。本文的研究为江河污染物排海量的准确估算和入海流量在线监测技术的推广提供了支持。     

The effects of autophagy on vascular endothelial cells induced by airborne PM2.5

The purpose of this study was to examine the direct toxicity of PM2.5 collected from Beijing on human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVEC). A Cell Counting Kit 8(CCK8) assay demonstrated that PM2.5 exposure decreased the proliferation of HUVECs in a dosedependent manner. We also found that PM2.5 exposure induced autophagy in HUVECs, as evidenced by:(1) an increased number of double-membrane vesicles;(2) enhanced conversion and punctuation of the microtubule-associated protein light chain 3(LC3); and(3) decreased levels of the selective autophagy substrate p62 in a time-dependent manner.Furthermore, promoting autophagy in PM2.5-exposed HUVECs with rapamycin increased the cell survival rate, whereas inhibiting autophagy via 3-methyladenine significantly decreased cell survival. These results demonstrate that PM2.5 exposure can induce cytotoxicity and autophagy in HUVECs and that autophagy play a protective role against PM2.5-induced cytotoxicity. The findings of the present study imply a direct toxic effect of PM2.5 on HUVECs and provide novel insight into the mechanism of cardiovascular diseases caused by PM2.5 exposure.     

小流域综合治理新设计研究——猪沼果模式

近年来,小流域综合治理的主旨思想改变了,其工作重心在于巩固和发展治理开发的成果,提升综合治理的科技含量,增加治理带来的经济效益。于是将小流域的治理与生产联系起来成为了当前科研人员的研究方向。文章对目前部分地区大力推广的"猪-沼-果"模式在小流域治理方面的概念、发展及综合效益等方面做了一些综述。总的来说,猪沼果模式能够增加农村的能源,增加农民收入,并保护绿植,促进小流域治理。     

考虑环境污染物减排的石油储运策略研究

随着经济的快速发展,科技水平不断地提高,中国石油行业发展迅速,石油储运的技术也在不断提高。对考虑环境污染物减排的石油储运策略进行研究,对石油储运的过程中出现污染源以及产生的危害进行论述,在此基础上对石油储运污染物减排存在的障碍性因素进行说明,最后针对上述问题,提出石油储运策略对污染物减排相应的解决措施,由变频调速污染物的减排技术、可燃气体的排放与回收技术等措施对石油储运策略的污染物减排进行优化,减少污染物的排放,对生态环境进行保护。     

Development of monitoring technology for airborne particulate matter

Particulate matter suspended in the air has adverse effects onhuman health. Its level of concentration is an important parameter in evaluating the degree of hazard it poses to the atmosphere. Conventional methods used in measuring particulatematter are often filter-based, which indicates some disadvantagesbecause such a base requires labor and time. In this study, to achieve real-time measurements, a new electrical method was developed for measuring PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations. The basicprinciple is to electrically charge particles passing through thePM inlet using a corona charger and measure the currents createdby charged particles to obtain the number concentration of particulate matter. A new type inlet based on the particle cupimpactor configuration was designed and its performance was evaluated. A unipolar diffusion charger was developed and thecharger's efficiency was determined experimentally in terms ofPn, which represents the penetration through the charger,P, times the average charge number acquired by a particle,n, for different particle sizes. The correlation was constructed between the PM10 (or the PM2.5) mass concentrationsand the electrical currents due to particles, which were chargedby the diffusion charger.